Health Sciences

Background: In the past decade, changing attitudes towards breast reconstruction among both patients and care providers have led a growing number of women to seek breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The present work assesses the effect of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and no breast reconstruction on the psychological impact of patients undergoing mastectomy. Materials and Methods: Data were collected prospectively on 120 patients between 2008 and 2014.

Background: Glycated haemoglobin is produced by a ketoamine reaction between glucose and the N-terminal valine of both ß-chains of the haemoglobin molecule. The major form of glycated haemoglobin is haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) .The HbA1c fraction is abnormally elevated in chronic hyperglycaemic diabetic patients and it correlates positively with the glycaemic control. However, increased glycated haemoglobin levels have been documented in iron deficiency anaemic patients without any history of diabetes.

Although prescription drug use is common during pregnancy, the human teratogenic risks are undetermined for more than 90% of drug treatments approved in the USA during the past decades. A particular birth defect may have its origins through multiple mechanisms and possible exposures, including medications. A specific pathogenic process may result in different outcomes depending upon factors such as embryonic age at which a drug is administered, duration and dose of exposure and genetic susceptibility.

Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life because she is always at a risk of being crushed at any moment. No place is safe for women, not even in their mother's wombs. In India the status of girl child reflects serious gender based differences, inequalities and discrimination. Preference for son in the society and discrimination against girl child are interlinked due to interplay of different factors.

Objectives: 1)To study the sanitation and waste disposal in the registered hotels 2)To study the personal hygiene of food handlers working in these hotels. Materials and methods: Study design: Cross-sectional, Study sample: 10(20%) registered hotels (total registered are 52) and all the workers present at the time of the visit in these hotels (110). A pre-tested questionnaire was used to carry out the study. Data analysed by Epi info 2000. Arbitrary weighed scoring system was devised for assessing the sanitation. Statistical tests include chi-square.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RFP) is a rare disease with unknownetiology. The authors discuss RPF in the context of a patient undergoinglaparoscopic ureterolysis for bilateral ureteral obstruction resulting fromRPF. This rare disorder should be considered in the differential diagnosisfor acute kidney injury by postrenal causes.

Nosocomialin factions remain a significant hazard for hospital izedpatients. Stethoscopes because of their universal use by medical professionals can be a potential source of nosocomialin factions. This study was under taken to determine the stethoscope-cleaning practices among medical health providers, to show whether the stethoscope is a potential source of nosocomialin faction; and to compare the effectiveness of common antiseptics (i.e.70% isopropyl alcohol) in disinfecting stethoscopes. Health care providers were asked how often they clean their stethoscopes.

Breast carcinoma is the second most common carcinoma worldwide only after lung cancer in female. After the popularisation of papanicolou testing for cervical cancer, breast carcinoma has overtaken cervical carcinoma in many parts of India. The aim of this study is to see if fine needle aspiration cytology is a effective tool in diagnosing breast cancer. Material and method: This is a retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2013.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of medical and surgical therapy in patients of Primary open angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among 50 patients attended to the ophthalmic department of Government General Hospital, Guntur from November 2004 to November 2006. Results: Primary open angle glaucoma characteristically has an adult onset seen commonly after the age of 40 years and is a bilateral almost symmetrical disease; more common in males.

Postgraduate trainees, especially in basic sciences should be competent in teaching. Generally, resident teaching competence is not assessed through any other means except feedback from learner’s comments. We developed and evaluated a resident teaching skills assessment module using “standardized” students. Faculty observers rated residents using a customized rating performa developed to assess teaching competencies. It was found feasible, acceptable, and valuable to all the residents, students, and faculty who participated.